Form 1 Chapter 1>>>INTRODUCTION to SCIENCE

1.1   WHAT IS SCIENCE

1. We see various natural phenomena in daily life. Natural phenomena are happen in nature.

• lighting, rainbow, melting of ice, growth of a baby into an adult.....etc
• We want to know why and all these things happen. The study of science give us answer.

2. Science is the systematic study of nature and how it affect us and our environment.
3. The information produced from the study of science is known as scientific knowledge

Examples of natural phenomena around us:

Tornado and Lighting

Melting of Ice

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eruption of volcano

 

1.2   A Science Laboratory

Every laboratory apparatus has its precise use and the people should have the knowledge about the proper use of laboratory apparatus or laboratory glassware.

The most common laboratory apparatus and their uses are listed below:

Beaker = A container used for measuring the liquid.
Barrette = Used for measuring the volume of the solution.
Wire gauze = used for spreading the heat of a burner(flame).
Test tube brush = It is used to clean the test tube.
Droper = It is used for adding the solution drop by drop.
Magnifying glass = It is used for viewing the minute objects.
Filter paper = It is used for separating the liquid and the precipitate.
Stirring rod = It is used for mixing the liquids or distribution of heat in a liquid by stirring.
Spring balance = used for measuring the mass of the materials.
Forceps = It is used for holding or picking up small objects.
Watch glass = It is used for holding small samples of the substances on which the experiment is performed.
Wash bottle = It is used for dispensing small quantities of distilled water.
Test-tube holders = It is used for holding the test tubes.
Test tubes = it is used for holding small samples or performing small-scale reactions
Pipette - It is used for transferring one substance into another by measuring.
Centrifuge - It is used for separating the materials of varying densities from a colloid.
Thermometer - It is used for measuring the temperature.
PH Scale - It is used for measuring the acidity or basicity of the solution.
Crucible - it is used for heating a small amount of a solid substance at a very high temperature.
Tripod = It is a three-legged stand that supports the wire gauze while heating.
Microscope = It is used for viewing the ultra minute objects by the process of magnification.
Multimeter = It is used for measuring the current, voltage and resistance.

 

1.3   The Step in Scientific Investigation

1. Identifying the problem
2. Forming a hypothesis
3. Planning the experiment
4. Controlling the variable
5. Collecting data
6. Analysing and interpreting data
7. Drawing a conclusion
8. Writing a report

1.4   Physical Quantities and Their Units

1. There are 5 physical quantities which can be measured, that is length, mass, time, temperature and electric current.
2. Physical quantities can be measured in SI units
3. Example:  ( ) represent SI unit ; { } represent symbol

• Length (metre) {m}
• Mass ( kilogram) {kg}
• Time (second) {s}
• Temperature (kelvin) {K}
• Electric current (ampere) {A}

1.5   Weight and Mass

1. Mass is amount of matter in an object. The SI unit for mass is kilogram(kg). Mass of an object can also be measured by using a beam balance or lever balance.
2. Weight is the gravitational force acting on an object. It was measured in Newton (N). Spring balance is used to measure weight.

1.6   Measuring Tools

1. Measurement is an important technique in science process
2. measurement involves measuring length, area and volume.

This is some notes n revision for Form 1 Chapter 1, Science.
Hope this will help u during ur revision.
Next step,i will upload more about question and exercise.^^