Form 1 Chapter 5 >>> The Air Around Us.

Air is made up of a mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), carbon dioxide (0.01%), inert gas (0.97%), water vapour, dust and microorganisms

Composition of Air

Properties of oxygen : - slighty soluble in water ; not soluble in sodium hydroxide ; relights glowing splinter ; has no effect on moist litmus papers.

Oxygen relights glowing splinter

Properties of carbon dioxide : Slighty soluble in water ; Very soluble in sodiem hyroxide ; lime water turns cloudy ; change moist blue litmus paper to red.

Carbon dioxide turns lime water cloudy

The content of oxygen in exhaled air is lower than inhaled air. Human beings breathe through the respiratory system.

The respiratory system involves the process of oxidation of food in living cells.

During respiration, oxygen is absorbed into the cells, while carbon dioxide will enter the alveolus to be excreted.

Combustion takes place when a substance combines with oxygen chemically to release heat and light energy.

Combustion of carbon produces carbon dioxide, light and heat energy. Combustion of hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide, water, heat and light energy.

Green plants carry out photosynthesis to manufacture food.

Photosynthesis

Air pollution occurs when the air is made dirty by air pollutants such as smoke, dust, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitogen dioxide, and residues of pesticides.

The causes of air pollution include motor vehicles, factories, burning of rubbish, and widespread use of pesticides.

Air pollution can cause acid rain, increase in Earth's temperature (greenhouse effect) and thining of the ozone layer, and affect the health of organisms.

Air Pollution

Greenhouse Effect

(Source : from revision book : Eastview New Version PMR Science )

For more information and notes, you can assess to the link below :

The Air Around Us (Part 1)

The Air Around Us (Part 2) -this one is more to properties of combustion and respiration and also related experiment in which student should know.

Students, don;t forget to do exercise on any revision book so that you can master the skills and knowledge faster!

HAPPY EARTH DAY!!

today is Earth Day..Earth Day is a day early each year on which events are held ...worldwide to increase awareness and appreciation of the Earth's natural environment. ladies & gentlemen lets do something for the earth...

 

 

Joke To Share

A lawyer, an economist, and a teacher were going to the bathroom. The lawyer gets done, washes his hands, and then proceeds to use almost the entire roll of paper towels to dry his hands. He says "I was taught to be thorough." The economist gets done, washes his hands, but uses only one paper towel. He says "I was taught to be environmentally friendly." The teacher gets done and leaves without washing his hands. He says "I was taught not to piss on my hands."

Find the 6 Resource of the Earth

Hi guys, TRY this!! Let's look how fast you can do it!! 

FIND ALL SIX RESOURCES OF THE EARTH THAT WE HAVE LEARNED

Form 1 Chapter 4 >>> The Variety of Resources on Earth

Welcome again to my blog! Now, we will proceed to Chapter 4 which is The Variety of resources on Earth. This chapter need a lots of memorization such as

• Properties of metal and non-metal,
• Comparison between metal and non-metal,
• Properties of compound and mixture,
• Diffrences between compound and mixtures,
• Sepearation of mixture,
• and also Comparison between the properties of compound and mixture.

Since there is a lots of point student need to read, i will suggest you all to read through text book or any other reference book which have plentiful of information. Besides, here is the link that student can try to have a look. It may help you a lot!

http://www.scribd.com/doc/14617088/Form-1-Science-Chapter-4
http://www.spa.jpnns.gov.my/elearning/notes/chapter-4-the-variety-of-resources-on-earth-doc.pdf

Also, you can try to solve the question by click on this link :
http://www.scribd.com/doc/27547090/Exercise-Form-1-Chapter-4-Variety-of-Resources-on-Earth
Hope u can master this chapter! Good Luck!! ^^

Form 1 Chapter 3 >>> Matter

In this chapter, the most important thing is you should know what is 'matter' .

3.1   What is matter

• Everything, whether living or non-living things, which has mass and occupied space is called matter.

3.2   The States of Matter

3.2.1   Kinetic Theory of Matter

• According to kinetic theory of matter, matter is made up of tiny particles which are discrete (seperate)
• These particles can be composed of atoms or molecules
• Atom is the smallest particle of matter and cannot be further divided. Molecule is made up of two or more atom.

3.2.2   Arrangement of Particles in Matter  (Solid, Liquid, Gas)

• Solids consist of particles that are arranged close together and in a regular pattern. The particles are not free to move and can only vibrate about their fixed positions. A solid has definite volume and shape.
• Liquids consist of particles that are arranged fairly close together but not in a regular pattern. The particles can move freely (flow) and vibrate. A liquid has definite volume, but its shape change depending of its shape of container.
• Gases consist of particles that are far apart and not in a regular pattern. The particles are free to move in all directions. A gas has neither a definite volume or shape.

For more information, try to click at this link : Arrangement of Particles in Matter .

3.3   The Concept of Density

• 
  The density of an object is the mass per unit volume of the object. The SI unit is kg/m^3.
• An object that is less dense will float on a liquid that is denser. An object which is denser will sink in a liquid that is less dense.

Joke of the day, Lets smile and relax! xDD

Lawyer: I have some good news and some bad news.
Client: Well, give me the bad news first.
Lawyer: The bad news is that the DNA tests showed that it was your blood they found all over the crime scene
Client: Oh no! I'm ruined! What's the good news?
Lawyer: The good news is your cholesterol is down to 130!

Quiz Chapter 1 and 2

Dear fellow friends and student, now u can try to answer some question based on what you have study. You can assess to the link below and there is some revision on Chapter 1 and 2 that you should TRY!!! Lets see how well you can do the question! Everybody can try to solve the question given.
Here is the link: http://forscience.typepad.com/blog/2011/04/form-1-science-revision-chapter-1-and-chapter-2.html
Good luck to all of you xDD

Chapter 2 >>> Cell as a Unit of life

Below are summary of Form 1 Chapter 2 :

• Cell is a basic unit of living things.
• Each cell can function and survive on its own. Cells can perform life processes such as digestion, respiration, excretion, reproduction, growth, and response to stimuli.
• Animal cell do not have definite  shapes because there are no cell wall. The cell do not have chloroplasts to help manufacture food. The number of vacuoles in animal cells is very small and sometimes none at all.  
• Plant cell have definite shape because the cell walls are made up of cellulose. The cell can also manufacture their own food because the chloroplasts have chlorophyll. The vacuoles of plant cell are big and fill with cell sap.

Plant cell

Animal Cell

• Unicellular organisms are  organisms made up of one cell only (single cell). Examples : Amoeba, Euglena and  yeast.



Euglena

Amoeba

• Multicellular organisms are organsms with many cells. Multicellular organisms are more complex than unicellular organisms. Examples : Hydra, Spirogyra, human beings.



Human Being

Spirogyra





• Both unicellular and multicellular organisms can perform similar life process.
• Organisation of cell in the human body involves the following stages:

                    Cell =>> Tissue =>> Organ =>> System =>> Organism

For more information , students can go to this page and have a view on Chapter 2 : http://www.scribd.com/doc/14616958/Science-Form-1-Chapter-2

Thank you ^^

Form 1 Chapter 1>>>INTRODUCTION to SCIENCE

1.1   WHAT IS SCIENCE

1. We see various natural phenomena in daily life. Natural phenomena are happen in nature.

• lighting, rainbow, melting of ice, growth of a baby into an adult.....etc
• We want to know why and all these things happen. The study of science give us answer.

2. Science is the systematic study of nature and how it affect us and our environment.
3. The information produced from the study of science is known as scientific knowledge

Examples of natural phenomena around us:

Tornado and Lighting

Melting of Ice

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eruption of volcano

 

1.2   A Science Laboratory

Every laboratory apparatus has its precise use and the people should have the knowledge about the proper use of laboratory apparatus or laboratory glassware.

The most common laboratory apparatus and their uses are listed below:

Beaker = A container used for measuring the liquid.
Barrette = Used for measuring the volume of the solution.
Wire gauze = used for spreading the heat of a burner(flame).
Test tube brush = It is used to clean the test tube.
Droper = It is used for adding the solution drop by drop.
Magnifying glass = It is used for viewing the minute objects.
Filter paper = It is used for separating the liquid and the precipitate.
Stirring rod = It is used for mixing the liquids or distribution of heat in a liquid by stirring.
Spring balance = used for measuring the mass of the materials.
Forceps = It is used for holding or picking up small objects.
Watch glass = It is used for holding small samples of the substances on which the experiment is performed.
Wash bottle = It is used for dispensing small quantities of distilled water.
Test-tube holders = It is used for holding the test tubes.
Test tubes = it is used for holding small samples or performing small-scale reactions
Pipette - It is used for transferring one substance into another by measuring.
Centrifuge - It is used for separating the materials of varying densities from a colloid.
Thermometer - It is used for measuring the temperature.
PH Scale - It is used for measuring the acidity or basicity of the solution.
Crucible - it is used for heating a small amount of a solid substance at a very high temperature.
Tripod = It is a three-legged stand that supports the wire gauze while heating.
Microscope = It is used for viewing the ultra minute objects by the process of magnification.
Multimeter = It is used for measuring the current, voltage and resistance.

 

1.3   The Step in Scientific Investigation

1. Identifying the problem
2. Forming a hypothesis
3. Planning the experiment
4. Controlling the variable
5. Collecting data
6. Analysing and interpreting data
7. Drawing a conclusion
8. Writing a report

1.4   Physical Quantities and Their Units

1. There are 5 physical quantities which can be measured, that is length, mass, time, temperature and electric current.
2. Physical quantities can be measured in SI units
3. Example:  ( ) represent SI unit ; { } represent symbol

• Length (metre) {m}
• Mass ( kilogram) {kg}
• Time (second) {s}
• Temperature (kelvin) {K}
• Electric current (ampere) {A}

1.5   Weight and Mass

1. Mass is amount of matter in an object. The SI unit for mass is kilogram(kg). Mass of an object can also be measured by using a beam balance or lever balance.
2. Weight is the gravitational force acting on an object. It was measured in Newton (N). Spring balance is used to measure weight.

1.6   Measuring Tools

1. Measurement is an important technique in science process
2. measurement involves measuring length, area and volume.

This is some notes n revision for Form 1 Chapter 1, Science.
Hope this will help u during ur revision.
Next step,i will upload more about question and exercise.^^